Open access

Monitoring Food Affordability: Reliability and Validity of an Online Nutritious Food Basket

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
11 March 2024

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of an online approach to monitoring food affordability in Ontario using the updated Ontario Nutritious Food Basket (ONFB).
Methods: The ONFB was priced online in 12 large multi-chain grocery stores to test intra-/inter-rater reliability using percent agreement and intra-class correlations (ICCs). Then, the ONFB was priced in-store and online in 28 stores to estimate food price differences using paired t-tests and Pearson’s correlation for all (n =1708) and matched items (same product/brand and purchase unit) (n = 1134).
Results: Intra-/inter-rater agreement was high (95.4%/81.6%; ICC = 0.972, F = 69.9, p < 0.001). On average, in-store prices were less than $0.02 lower than online prices. There were no significant differences between mean in-store and online prices for all items (t = 0.504 p = 0.614). The mean price was almost perfectly correlated between in-store and online (fully matched: R = 0.993 p < 0.001; all items: R = 0.967 p < 0.001). Online monthly ONFB estimates for a family of four were strongly correlated (R = 0.937 p < 0.001) with estimates calculated using in-store data.
Conclusions: Online pricing is a reliable and valid approach to food costing in Ontario that contributes to modernizing the monitoring of food affordability in Canada and abroad.

Résumé

Objectif. Cette étude visait à évaluer la fiabilité et la validité d’une approche en ligne pour surveiller l’abordabilité des aliments en Ontario à l’aide de la version mise à jour du Panier de provisions nutritif de l’Ontario (PPNO).
Méthodes. Le coût du PPNO a été établi en ligne dans 12 grandes chaînes d’épiceries possédant de multiples bannières afin de tester la fiabilité intra/inter-évaluateur au moyen du pourcentage de concordance et de coefficients de corrélation intraclasse (CCI). Ensuite, le coût du PPNO a été établi en magasin et en ligne dans 28 magasins afin d’estimer les différences de prix des aliments à l’aide de tests t pour échantillons appariés et du coefficient de corrélation de Pearson pour tous les articles (n = 1708) et les articles appariés (même produit/marque et unité d’achat) (n = 1134).
Résultats. La concordance intra/inter-évaluateur était élevée (95,4 %/81,6 %; CCI = 0,972, F = 69,9, p < 0,001). En moyenne, les prix en magasin étaient inférieurs de 0,02 $ aux prix en ligne. Il n’y avait pas de différence significative entre les prix moyens en magasin et en ligne pour tous les articles (t = 0,504, p = 0,614). Le prix moyen en magasin était presque parfaitement en corrélation avec le prix moyen en ligne (pleine concordance : R = 0,993, p < 0,001; tous les articles : R = 0,967, p < 0,001). Les estimations mensuelles en ligne du coût du PPNO pour une famille de quatre personnes étaient en forte corrélation (R = 0,937, p < 0,001) avec les estimations faites à partir de données prélevées en magasin.
Conclusions. La détermination des prix en ligne est une approche fiable et valable pour établir le coût des aliments en Ontario, et cette approche contribue à moderniser la surveillance de l’abordabilité des aliments au Canada et à l’étranger.

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Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
e-First
Pages: 1 - 7
Editor: Naomi Cahill

History

Version of record online: 11 March 2024

Key Words

  1. food prices
  2. food cost monitoring
  3. food affordability
  4. healthy diet
  5. food basket
  6. market basket
  7. public health
  8. dietitians
  9. household food insecurity
  10. national nutritious food basket
  11. Canada’s food guide

Mots-clés

  1. prix des aliments
  2. surveillance du coût des aliments
  3. abordabilité des aliments
  4. saine alimentation
  5. panier alimentaire
  6. panier d'épicerie
  7. santé publique
  8. diététistes
  9. insécurité alimentaire des ménages
  10. Panier de provisions nutritif - Canada
  11. Guide alimentaire canadien

Authors

Affiliations

Liza Boyar RD MHSc
School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
Ellis Lakhani BPH
Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL
Ivan Ho RD MScFN
Thunder Bay District Health Unit, Thunder Bay, ON
Bridget King RD MHSc
Public Health Sudbury & Districts, Sudbury, ON
Lauren Kennedy RD MScFN
Peterborough Public Health, Peterborough, ON
Mary Ellen Prange RD MHSc
City of Hamilton Public Health Services, Hamilton, ON
Daniel Harrington PhD
Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON
Rachel Prowse RD PhD
Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL

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