Malnutrition in Hospitalized Children: Prevalence, Impact, and Management

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
21 May 2014

Abstract

Purpose

Malnutrition in hospitalized children has been reported since the late 1970s. The prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition was examined in hospitalized patients in a general pediatric unit, and the impact and management of malnutrition were assessed.

Methods

The nutritional risk score (NRS) and nutritional status (NS) (weight, height, body mass index, and skinfold thickness) of children aged zero to 18 years were assessed upon hospital admission. Growth and energy intake were monitored every three days until discharge.

Results

A total of 173 children (median age three years, 88 girls) participated; 79.8% had a moderate to severe NRS and 13.3% were acutely and/or chronically malnourished. A high NRS was associated with a longer hospital stay in children older than three years (P<0.05), while a poor NS (weight for height percentile) was correlated with prolonged hospitalization in children aged three years or younger (P<0.05). Although weight did not change during hospitalization, a decrease in skinfolds was documented (n=43, P<0.05). Patients with a high NRS had lower energy intake than those not at risk. However, children with abnormal NS received 92.5% of recommended energy intake.

Conclusions

This study suggests that all children admitted to hospital should have an evaluation of their NRS and NS, so that they can receive appropriate nutrition interventions provided by a multidisciplinary nutrition team.

Résumé

Objectif

On rapporte des cas de malnutrition chez les enfants hospitalisés depuis la fin des années 1970. La prévalence de la malnutrition aiguë et chronique a été examinée chez des patients hospitalisés dans une unité pédiatrique générale, et l’impact et la gestion de la malnutrition ont été évalués.

Méthodes

Le score de risque nutritionnel (SRN) et l’état nutritionnel (ÉN) (poids, taille, indice de masse corporelle et épaisseur du pli cutané) d’enfants âgés de 0 à 18 ans ont été évalués lors de l’admission à l’hôpital. La croissance et l’apport énergétique ont été surveillés tous les trois jours jusqu’au congé.

Résultats

Au total, 173 enfants (âge médian de trois ans, 88 filles) ont participé; 79,8 % avaient un SRN modéré à élevé, et 13,3 % souffraient de malnutrition aiguë et/ou chronique. Un SRN élevé était associé à un séjour à l’hôpital de plus longue durée chez les enfants de plus de trois ans (P < 0,05), alors qu’un faible ÉN (percentile du poids pour la taille) était corrélé avec une hospitalisation prolongée chez les enfants de trois ans et moins (P < 0,05). Bien que le poids n’ait pas changé pendant l’hospitalisation, une diminution de l’épaisseur des plis cutanés a été documentée (n = 43, P < 0,05). Les patients qui avaient un SRN élevé avaient un plus faible apport énergétique que ceux qui n’étaient pas à risque. Cependant, les enfants qui présentaient un ÉN anormal ont reçu 92,5 % de l’apport énergétique recommandé.

Conclusions

Cette étude suggère que le SRN et l’ÉN de tous les enfants admis à l’hôpital devraient être évalués afin que ces derniers puissent bénéficier d’interventions nutritionnelles appropriées menées par une équipe de nutrition multidisciplinaire.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 75Number 1March 2014
Pages: 29 - 34

History

Version of record online: 21 May 2014

Authors

Affiliations

Veronique Groleau
MD, FRCPC, Department of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre, Sherbrooke, QC
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ste-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC
Maxime Thibault
BPharm, MSc, Department of Pharmacy, Ste-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC
Myriam Doyon
MSc, Department of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre, Sherbrooke, QC
Eve-Emmanuelle Brochu
PDt, Department of Nutrition, Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre, Sherbrooke, QC
Claude C. Roy
MD, FRCPC, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ste-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC
Corentin Babakissa
MD, Department of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre, Sherbrooke, QC

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