Dietary Patterns in an Ethnoculturally Diverse Population: Of Young Canadian Adults

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
19 August 2011

Abstract

Purpose: Dietary patterns of food consumption were investigated among young urban Toronto adults, including men and women from different ethnocultural groups.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis among 1153 adults aged 20 to 29 years, from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. Principal components analysis of food intake scores was used to identify food consumption patterns. Logistic regression, analysis of variance, and t-tests were used to test for differences in dietary patterns between ethnocultural groups and between men and women. Partial correlations were used to investigate the relationship between patterns and nutrient intake.
Results: Three predominant patterns were identified and termed “prudent,” “Western,” and “Eastern” patterns. Caucasians had significantly higher prudent pattern scores than did Asians and South Asians, while Asians had significantly higher Eastern pattern scores than did other ethnocultural groups (p<0.01). Women had higher prudent pattern scores (odds ratio [OR]=4.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.11-5.96) and lower Western pattern scores (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.45-0.84) than did men. Dietary pattern scores were correlated with nutrient and energy intakes.
Conclusions: We observed distinct dietary patterns in this population of young adults. These dietary patterns varied significantly between ethnocultural groups and between men and women. The patterns were associated with nutrient intake levels; this association may have important public health implications.

Résumé

Objectif: Étudier les modèles alimentaires de consommation d'aliments chez de jeunes adultes urbains de Toronto, dont des hommes et des femmes issus de divers groupes ethnoculturels.
Méthodes: Nous avons mené une analyse transversale chez 1153 adultes âgés de 20 à 29 ans ayant participé à la Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. Une analyse en composantes principales des scores relatifs à l'apport alimentaire a été utilisée pour établir des modèles de consommation d'aliments. Une régression logistique, une analyse de la variance et des tests ont été utilisés pour évaluer les différences sur le plan des modèles alimentaires entre les groupes ethnoculturels et entre les hommes et les femmes. Des corrélations partielles ont été utilisées pour étudier le lien entre les modèles et l'apport en nutriments.
Résultats: Trois modèles prédominants ont été identifiés et nommés « prudent », « occidental » et « oriental ». Les personnes de race blanche avaient des scores significativement plus élevés pour le modèle prudent que les Asiatiques et les Asiatiques du Sud, tandis que les Asiatiques avaient des scores significativement plus élevés pour le modèle oriental que les autres groupes ethnoculturels (p < 0,01). Les scores des femmes étaient plus élevés pour le modèle prudent (rapport de cotes [RC] = 4,31, intervalle de confiance [IC] de 95 % = 3,11- 5,96) et plus faibles pour le modèle occidental (RC = 0,62, IC de 95 % = 0,45-0,84), comparativement à ceux des hommes. Les scores relatifs aux habitudes alimentaires étaient corrélés avec les apports en nutriments et en énergie.
Conclusions: Nous avons observé des modèles alimentaires distincts au sein de cette population de jeunes adultes. Ces modèles alimentaires variaient significativement d'un groupe ethnoculturel à un autre ainsi qu'entre les hommes et les femmes. Les modèles ont été associés à des niveaux d'apport en nutriments; cette association pourrait avoir un impact important sur la santé publique.

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Information & Authors

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 72Number 3September 2011
Pages: e161 - e168

History

Version of record online: 19 August 2011

Authors

Affiliations

Darren R. Brenner, MSc
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, and Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON
Beatrice A. Boucher, MHSc
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, and Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON
Nancy Kreiger, MPH, PhD
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, and Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON
David Jenkins, MD, PhD
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, and Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON
Ahmed El-Sohemy, PhD
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

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